Sunday, 25 January 2015

Rajya Sabha TV – Science Monitor (17 Jan 2015)


Weekly update on all the happening in Science & Technology, in and around the nation;
Headlines
  1. MOM Team will be awarded Space Pioneer Award 2015.
Declared by the US based National Space Society (NSS); to be awarded at the 34th International Space Development Conference to be held at Toronto, Canada (May 2015); Team based in Bangalore under Mayilsamy Annadurai won the award under the Category Science & Engineering; for accomplishing two significant mission: firstly MOM (Mangalyan) is the first space craft to go around the mars orbit in its maiden attempt; secondly the space craft in an elliptical orbit with high epoxies with high resolution camera – take images of mars – aiding researches & studies; Time Magazine listed Mangalyan among the 25 best inventions of 2014 – Super Smart Space Craft;
  1. Dr. A. S. Kiran Kumar – New Chairman of ISRO – 8th Chair – Succeeding Dr. K. Radhakrishnan;
Former Director of Space Application Centre (SAC) Ahmedabad – Started career in ISRO in 1975; played a crucial role in developing image sensors for the Baskara Satellite, also made immense contribution in developing key components for Chandrayan I & Mangalyan Mission, also contributed for Ocean floor instruments used in weather forecasting, landscape mapping; Also to serve as a Secy. of the Dept. of Space, Ministry of Earth Science; Physics Graduate with Dual M.Tech from IISc;  
  1. Endemic Native Indian plants under the threat of Climate Change.
Study undertaken by the team lead by Dr. Vishwas Sudhir Chitale, IIT-Kharagpur; 637 Endemic plant species were studied – study suggest these plant species will be adversely impacted even with the moderate change – also study says, Species likely to shift to the northern & north-eastern Himalayas & Indo Burma; Study based on Computer model predicting future distributions (in 2050 -80 taking 2010 as base year) – 637 Endemic Plant species – in 3 Biodiversity Hotspots in India – Himalaya, Western Ghats & Indo Burma; Research studies published in PLOS one;
India is one of the 12 Mega Diversity countries of the world and has 11% of the Global Flora concentrated in the 2.4% of the global land;  
  1. Pomegranate juice increase lifespan – collaborated Study Report by IISc & Trans-disciplinary University and Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Tradition;
Study based on an Ancient Ayurvedic Concept called Rasayana – fruit juices to heal & rejuvenate; Study done on a species of fruit fly called Drosophila Melanogaster; Study Report Pomegranate Juice increases longevity and delay ageing; Study published in the Journal Frontiers in Public Health; Many health benefits: Powerful Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Cancer, Immune Supporting effect, Juice rich in Nutrient and lowers cholesterol, Blood pressure and other Cardiac & Stroke related factors;  
  1. Fog and effects on Human Health and life (IN FOCUS Segment)
Cold Winter Morning – when temperature dipped in the northern part of India –Most news channels rushed with report of delay & cancellation of Trains & Flights, because of FOG; Science Behind the phenomenon of Fog –Fog is a cloud at ground level or a type of low-lying cloud – Made up of condensed water droplets – Ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the earth surface – The threshold point is called the Dew Point (where no longer it can hold all the water vapour ) - Fog is generally formed when there is 100% humidity in the air – when this air near the ground close to Dew point, the water vapour in the air condensed around the dust & salt particles present in the air and visible as Fog in the air; Fog formation is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water; Topography, wind condition and human activities also affect formation; Both can have adverse effects on Human Health; Advection Fog – occurs when Moist Air passes over a cool surface by advection; Precipitation fog/ Frontal Fog – forms as precipitation falls in to the drier air below the cloud, the liquid droplet evaporate in to water vapour – Water vapour cools and condense at the dew point – Fog forms; Hail Fog -  occurs during hail storms – due to decreased temperature & increased moisture – leading to saturation in very shallow layer near the surface of the Earth – most often occurs when  there is warm humid layer at top and the wind is light; Ice Fog – water droplet freeze in to tiny crystals in mid-air - when the wind temperature below freezing point – generally below Zero; Lake fog, River fog, and Sea Fog are due to the influence of the Water bodies;
Adversely affect the day to day life of Human
·         Fog affect the visibility – Dense fog often result in serious accidents – Railways & Airways are worst affected; Also affect Shipping & Trade;
·         Serious side effect is the formation of SMOG (Smoke + Fog) – Blackish fog – cause allergies like Asthma, Irritation in Eyes, Cold and Pulmonary diseases like Pneumonia, Lung Cancer.
Some animal depend on wet fog as a principle source of water particularly otherwise desert like climate (many African Coastal areas);
  1. History of Science -  Segment
1825 – Sir Edward Frankled – One of the originators of organometallic chemistry – Stated the atoms elementary substance has a definite saturation capacity – can combine only with the certain limited number of atom of the other elements;
1736 – James Watt – Steam Engineering – Steam Engine – improved power efficiency & cost-effective of the engineering by adding a stepped condenser avoiding excess loss of steam;
1930 – Edwin Eugen Aldrin – second man to set foot on the moon – Mechanical engineer selected by NASA for Apollo 11 Mission – accompanies Neil Armstrong as the second lunar module pilot;
1775 – Andre Marie Ampere – French Physicist & Mathematician – father of Electrodynamics – Unit of current (Ampere) – two current carrying parallel wire attracts or repel depends on the direction of the flow;
1960 – Hydronauts travelled to the bottom of the Mariana Trench (Pacific Ocean) – reached the bottom surface after five hours journey – spent 25 minutes on the sea floor;
  1. Science Express – S & T Activities
·         Workshop on Low Carbon pathways for Growth in India - Sir David King, British Foreign Secy., Special Representative for the climate change – India’s Rapid Economic Growth would fuel Energy Demand and urge it to explore Range of  Energy Alternatives; Usefulness of 2047 calculator – in planning the economics around the Energy Infrastructure; Adaptation of 2047 Calculator will help India plan its Energy future; Refer: IESS2047 http://indiaenergy.gov.in/ 
·         Rich Biodiversity of India – Research Team from S&M College of Kerela – Reported discovery of 3 new species of plant;
·         BARC invited application from Engineering Graduates for the enrollment in its flagship programme Orientation course at BARC school; Provide adequate knowledge & develop skills in Nuclear Sci-Tech for the Trainee Scientist; Visti: www.barc.gov.in/careers/
·         Mystery behind the Stripes of Zebra – Temperature, Predation, searching for an Association;
·         WHO announced – in 4 weeks – test to assess the potency of Ebola Vaccine would begin in Western Africa; Trails are to be conducted in Liberia, Sierre Leone & Kenya. Vaccine from GSK, MSD;
·         Fossils of last ancestor of Bony fishes;
·         Central Power Research Institute (Bangalore) – Govt. Approved 996 Cr investment proposal – for Short Circuit Test Facility, Transmission tower test facilities, Facilities for switch gear testing & development, Testing of Transformer oil, Smart Grid research labouratory;
·         Vikram Sarabhai Memorial Award to Dr. M.Y.S. Prasad, Director of Satish Dhawan Research Centre; for outstanding contribution in R&D in the field of Space Science;
Watch it here



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